[52] Richard C. Hall, The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War, 2000

[53] Op. cit., Dwight

[54] Op. cit., Poynter

[55] Pierre Loti, Turquie Agonisante, 1913

[56] The Nieenth Century and After, March 1913

[57] Az, Pan-Islamism: Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain, 1997

[58] Justin arthy, Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821–1922, 1996

[59] Leon Sciaky, Farewell to Salonica: City at the Crossroads, 2007

[60] Carnegie Endowional Peace, Report of the International Coo the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, 1914

[61] Op. cit., arthy

[62] Hasan Kayali, Arabs and Young Turks: Ottamanism, Arabisoman Empire, 1908–1918, 1997

[63] The Economist, 5 July 1913

[64] Murat G&uuodern Istanbul: Transformation and Modernisation of a City, 2009

北京—上海

[1] Alphonse Favier, Péking: Histoire et Description, 1902

[2] Madeleine Yue Dong, Republican Beijing: The City and its Histories, 2003

[3] Katharine Carl, With The Empress Dowager, 1905

[4] Ibid.

[5] Ibid.

[6] Julia Boyd, A Dance with the Dragon: The Vanished World of Peking’s Foreign Colony, 2012

[7] B. L. Putnam Weale, Indiscreet Letter from Peking, 1907

[8] Op. cit., Boyd

[9] Op. cit., Putnam Weale

[10] A. Henry Savage Landor, China and the Allies, two volumes., 1901, vol. 2

[11] Op. cit., Bickers

[12] Anon., Letters froaman, 6th impression, 1904

[13] Julia Lovell, The Opium War, 2011

[14] Pierre Loti, Les Derniers Jours de Pékin, 1902

[15] Quoted in Patricia Buckley Ebrey, ed., Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, 1993

[16] Ibid.

[17] Xu Guoqi, China and the Great War: China’s Pursuit of a New National Identity and Nationalization, 2005

[18] Quoted in op. cit., Ebrey

[19] Op. cit., Bickers

[20] Op. cit., Lovell

[21] ‘Report of the International Opiuission, Shanghai, China, February 1 to February 26 1909’, North China Daily News & Herald, 1909

[22] Jonathan Spence, The Search for ion, 1999

[23] Ibid.

[24] H. T. Montague Bell and H. G. W. Woodhead, The China Year Book 1913, 1913

[25] Henri Borel, The New China: A Traveller’s Impressions, 1912

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